“Hemorrhoids during pregnancy, even when symptomatic, are not a contraindication to vaginal delivery.”
World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). WHO Recommendations: Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience. Geneva: World Health Organization.
“Caesarean section should be reserved for medically indicated cases. Discomforts such as hemorrhoids alone do not warrant operative delivery.”
Abdool, Z., Sultan, A. H., & Thakar, R. (2020). Perineal trauma: risk factors, prevention, diagnosis and management. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine, 30(1), 7–14.
Study on effective perineal and pelvic floor management, including hemorrhoids in vaginal birth.
Pitt, D., McKenna, J., & Lee, J. (2019). Effect of maternal hemorrhoids on delivery outcomes in a tertiary hospital setting. BMJ Open, 9(4), e025401.
Analysis: no statistically significant correlation between hemorrhoids and cesarean section rate.
Moghimi, M., & Kazemi, S. (2017). Symptomatic hemorrhoids during pregnancy and delivery outcome: A clinical perspective. International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Sciences, 5(3), 194–198.
Gohil, R., & Schizas, A. M. (2018). Hemorrhoids and pregnancy: What every obstetrician should know. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, 20(4), 271–278.